How many validated clues have been established for the Walk and Turn test?

The Walk and Turn test is a standardized field sobriety test designed to assess a person's balance and ability to follow instructions, which can be affected by alcohol or drug impairment. A total of eight validated clues have been established for this test. These clues are critical as they provide indicators that law enforcement officers use to determine whether an individual is impaired.

The eight validated clues include:

1. Unsteady start: If the individual has difficulty starting the test.

2. Stops while walking: If the person pauses or stops while performing the walk.

3. Doesn't touch heel-to-toe: If they do not place their heel against the toe on each step.

4. Steps off the line: If the individual strays from the imaginary line they’re supposed to walk on.

5. Improper turn: If there is any improper technique used while turning.

6. Uses arms for balance: If the individual extends their arms out to maintain balance.

7. Invalid steps: Taking more or fewer steps than instructed.

8. Difficulty balancing: If they have trouble maintaining their balance during the test.

Recognizing these clues helps officers assess a person's level of coordination and overall impairment, which is