What are the two phases of drug metabolism?

The correct term for the two phases of drug metabolism is not "constructive and destructive phases." Instead, drug metabolism can be classified into two main phases: Phase I and Phase II.

In Phase I metabolism, drugs undergo biochemical modifications, primarily through reactions such as oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis. These processes often result in the introduction of functional groups or the exposure of previously hidden reactive sites. This phase often involves enzymes like cytochrome P450.

Phase II metabolism typically involves conjugation reactions where the drug or its Phase I metabolites are linked to another substance (like glucuronic acid, sulfate, or glutathione). This process usually results in the formation of more water-soluble compounds that can be easily excreted from the body.

The options that suggest "anabolic and catabolic," "oxidative and reductive," and "synthetic and analytic" do not accurately capture the comprehensive phases of drug metabolism as recognized in pharmacology. Therefore, for a deeper understanding of the drug metabolism process, identifying the characteristics and functions of Phase I and Phase II is essential.