Which drug categories are known to cause pupil dilation?

Pupil dilation, or mydriasis, is commonly associated with specific drug categories that influence the autonomic nervous system. CNS stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine, increase sympathetic nervous system activity, leading to the dilation of pupils. They enhance norepinephrine release, which causes smooth muscle contraction around the iris tissue, resulting in wide pupils.

Hallucinogens, including substances like LSD and psilocybin, have a similar effect on pupil size. They can alter neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin, which also influences pupil dilation. The interaction of these drugs with the central nervous system plays a crucial role in their ability to cause physical changes such as pupil size.

In contrast, other drug categories listed do not typically produce pupil dilation. Narcotic analgesics tend to cause constriction of the pupils, known as miosis. Cannabis can have variable effects but is more commonly associated with bloodshot eyes rather than significant pupil dilation. Alcohol and opioids also lead to miosis rather than mydriasis. Inhalants and antidepressants may have mixed effects depending on the specific agent, but neither category is primarily identified with causing pupil dilation.

Thus, the identification of CNS stimulants and hallucinogens as the correct answer is based on