Which of the following hormones is commonly secreted by the endocrine system?

The correct choice highlights the role of both cortisol and insulin, which are crucial hormones secreted by the endocrine system.

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands and is essential for regulating metabolism, the immune response, and stress management. It helps the body respond to challenging situations by increasing blood sugar levels and has various other metabolic effects.

Insulin, on the other hand, is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. It plays a vital role in glucose metabolism by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels after meals.

Both hormones are integral to maintaining various bodily functions, including metabolism, energy regulation, and response to stress. This underscores the importance of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis and regulating numerous physiological processes.