Which substance is primarily responsible for the effects of alcoholic beverages?

The substance primarily responsible for the effects of alcoholic beverages is ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol. Ethanol is the type of alcohol that is consumed in beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits, and it is responsible for the central nervous system depressant effects that characterize intoxication. When consumed, ethanol affects the body by altering neurotransmitter activity in the brain, leading to effects ranging from mild relaxation to impaired judgment, coordination, and reaction time.

Fusel alcohol, which consists of a mixture of alcohols produced during fermentation, can contribute to the flavor and aroma of beverages but is not the principal psychoactive component. Methanol, while it is an alcohol, is toxic and not found in standard alcoholic beverages, making it unsafe for consumption. Isopropyl alcohol is used as a disinfectant and for industrial purposes and is also toxic to humans. Therefore, only ethyl alcohol produces the effects commonly associated with drinking alcoholic beverages.